Supracondylar humerus fracture X-Ray

A 9 year old girl brought to the emergency with a history of fall from a height of 1 meter, followed by pain,swelling, deformity and inability to move the left elbow.
X- Ray of left elbow- Supracondylar fracture of the humerus- extension type.

Mitral Stenosis X- Ray Findings

Radiological signs seen in mitral stenosis are:

§  Backward displacement of esophagus by enlarged left atrium (in lateral view X-ray). Also the earliest sign.

§  Straightening of left heart border due to enlarged left atrium.

§  Double shadow due to enlarged left atrium. Dense right atrial shadow superimposed within fainter left atrial shadow that touches the diaphragm.

§  Splaying of carina (The left main bronchus is lifted up by the enlarged left atrium)

§  Prominent upper zone pulmonary veins (Inverted moustache sign /  Antler’s horn sign / Cephalisation pulmonary of blood flow)

§  Enlarged pulmonary trunk (This occurs following the development of pulmonary hypertension)

§  Kerley B lines (indicating fluid collection in the interlobular septa. 1-2 cm in length lines in lung peripheries perpendicular to and extend out to pleural surfaces.)


NOTE: Here is a chest radiograph exhibiting classic findings of chronic mitral stenosis.

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