Pulmonary Edema X- Ray Findings

A - Alveolar edema (giving it a ground glass appearance)
B - Kerley B lines
C - Cardiomegaly
D - Upper lobe diversion ( increased blood vessels in upper lobe)
E - Enlarged hilar vessels giving a bat- wing appearance

SLE Mnemonic

@MD SOPHARINA

Malar Rash
Discoid Rash
Serositis (Pleuritis and Pericarditis seen as rub and effusion)
Oral Ulcer
Photosentitivity
Hematological (Hemolytic anemia, Leukopenia <4000/uL, Lymphopenia <1000/uL, Thrombocytopenia <100000/uL)
ANA
Renal (Proteinuria >0.5g/day or 3+ in dipstick)
Immunological (Anti ds DNA, Anti Sm Antibodies)
Neurological (Seizures, Psychosis without any other cause)
Arthritis (2 or more peripheral joints)

Additional features:
Raynaud's phenomenon
Jaccoud arthropathy
Livedo reticularis

Cranial Nerve Nuclei Mnemonic

CeMi Pons Medu
2   2   4       4

Cerebellum   Cranial nerves 1, 2 lie in the cerebellum
Midbrain       CN 3, 4
Pons              CN 5, 6, 7, 8
Medulla        CN 9, 10, 11, 12

I know this wasn't exactly a mnemonic. In case this didn't help you, here's a bonus link: Brainstem Rules of 4 (for the gunners)

Upper Motor Neuron Lesion Mnemonic

In UMN lesion, there is hypertonia. The tone is increased in the extensors of lower limbs and flexors of upper limbs.

LEG: Legs Extensors Greater tone

Uremia Symptoms Mnemonic

NAWAB PEG
Nausea/ Vomiting
Anorexia
Weakness/ Fatigue
Acidosis
Bleeding

Pruritus
Encephalopathy
Gastritis

Post-op Complications of Cataract Surgery- Mnemonics

Early Post-operative Complications- FETISH

F- Flat Anterior Chamber

E- Bacterial Endophthalmitis

T- Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome

I-   Iris prolapse

S-  Striate keratopathy

H- Hyphaema

Late Post-operative Complications- ABCDEFG

A- After cataract

B- Pseudophakic Bullous keratopathy

C- Cystoid Macular Edema

D- Retinal Detachment

E- Epithelial ingrowth/ Endophthalmitis

F- Fibrous downgrowth

G- Glaucoma-in-aphakia and pseudophakia

Causes of Cyanotic Heart Disease

Causes of Cyanotic Heart Disease: the five "terrible T's" and one "S"
1. Transposition of the great vessels
2. Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
3. Tetralogy of Fallot
4. Truncus arteriosus
5. Tricuspid atresia
6. Severe pulmonic stenosis

Causes of Altered Mental Status in Neonates: THE MISFITS

Causes of Altered Mental Status in Neonates can be remembered by the mnemonic: THE MISFITS

Trauma

Heart disease, Hypoxia and Hypovolemia

Endocrine (e.g. Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia , Thyrotoxicosis)

Metabolic ( Electrolyte Imbalance)

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

Sepsis (e.g. Meningitis, Pneumonia, UTI)

Formula Mishaps ( under or over- dilution)

Intestinal Catastrophes (e.g. Volvulus, intessuseption)

Toxins and Poisons

Seizures

Causes of common drops

Wrist drop : Radial Nerve
Foot drop : Common Peroneal nerve
Eyelid Drop : Trigeminal nerve
Uvula drop : Vagus nerve
Shoulder drop/ upper limb (whole) drop : Brachial Plexus Injury
Lower limb drop (whole) : Sciatic nerve injury

Ectopia lentis

Ectopia lentis (Dislocation of lens) is seen in Marfans syndrome & Homocystinuria , but in one the dislocation is up (and outward) while in the other it goes down (and inward).
Remember that " urine goes down and into closet ". So lens get displaced down and inward in Homocysteinuria. And lens get displaced up and outward in Marfans syndrome (Opposite of above).

Blood disorders: Male vs Female

HE (male) gets:
HEmophilia (X-linked)
HEinz bodies (G6PD deficiency, causing HEmolytic anemia: X-linked)
HEmochromatosis ­ (male predominance)
HEart attacks (male predominance)
HEnoch-Schonlein purpura (male predominance)

SHE (female) gets:
SHEehan's syndrome

Diaphragm apertures- AEIOU

AEI- OU
Aorta : T12
Esophagus: T10
Inferior Vena Cava: T8

OU can be used to remember that it is On moving  Up from T12.

Meckel's Diverticulum- Rule of 2

Di representing 2 - Diverticulum has its features in 2s. So, Meckel's diverticulum follows the "Rule of 2".
2 inches long
2 feet from end of ileum
2 times more common in men
2% occurance in general population
2 types of tissues may be present.

Inferior Vena Cava tributaries

"I Like To Rise So High" to the heart

Iliac
Lumbar
Testicular
Renal
Suprarenal
Hepatic

TAILOR

Testicular
Azygos
Inferior phrenic
Lumbar
Ovarian
Renal

Causes of Thrombocytosis

MAKE MAPS

Myeloproliferative disorders
Acute hemorrhage
Kawasaki Syndrome
Essential thrombocytosis

Malignancy
Acute/ chronic Inflammation
Post- operative
Splenectomy

Side Effects of Phenobarbitone

Remember:
1. Children are annoying-
          hyperkinesia, irritability, insomnia, aggression
2. Adults are dosy/ lazy-
          sedation, dizziness, drowsiness
         

Atherosclerosis- Pathological changes and Complications

Pathological changes that can occur in an atherosclerotic plaque (atheroma) are: CURE

Calcification
Ulceration
Rupture
Erosion

The complications that can develop as a result of the changes are: HEAT

Hemorrhage (into the plaque, due to rupture of fibrous cap covering)
Emboli formation
Aneurysm (due to weakening of arterial wall)
Thrombosis

Adverse Effects of Aspirin

ASPIRIN

Asthma
Salicylism
Peptic ulcer/ Premature close of PDA
Intestinal blood loss
Reye's Syndrome
Idiosyncracy
Noise ( Tinnitus)

Bronchiectasis: Causes

A SICK AIRWAY

Airway lesion (chronic obstruction)
Sequestration
Infection, Inflammation
Cystic fibrosis
Kartagener's syndrome
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Immunodeficiencies (myeloma, lymphoma, hypogammaglobinemia)
Reflux inhalation injury
Williams Campbell Syndrome
Aspiration
Young's Syndrome

Alzheimer's disease: Features

RONALD (In memory of Ronald Readen, former US president. who was victim of AD)

Reduction of acetylcholine
Old Age
Navigational difficulties, Neurofibrillary tangles
Atrophy of cerebral cortex
Language impairment
Dementia