Diaphragm apertures- AEIOU

AEI- OU
Aorta : T12
Esophagus: T10
Inferior Vena Cava: T8

OU can be used to remember that it is On moving  Up from T12.

Meckel's Diverticulum- Rule of 2

Di representing 2 - Diverticulum has its features in 2s. So, Meckel's diverticulum follows the "Rule of 2".
2 inches long
2 feet from end of ileum
2 times more common in men
2% occurance in general population
2 types of tissues may be present.

Inferior Vena Cava tributaries

"I Like To Rise So High" to the heart

Iliac
Lumbar
Testicular
Renal
Suprarenal
Hepatic

TAILOR

Testicular
Azygos
Inferior phrenic
Lumbar
Ovarian
Renal

Causes of Thrombocytosis

MAKE MAPS

Myeloproliferative disorders
Acute hemorrhage
Kawasaki Syndrome
Essential thrombocytosis

Malignancy
Acute/ chronic Inflammation
Post- operative
Splenectomy

Side Effects of Phenobarbitone

Remember:
1. Children are annoying-
          hyperkinesia, irritability, insomnia, aggression
2. Adults are dosy/ lazy-
          sedation, dizziness, drowsiness
         

Atherosclerosis- Pathological changes and Complications

Pathological changes that can occur in an atherosclerotic plaque (atheroma) are: CURE

Calcification
Ulceration
Rupture
Erosion

The complications that can develop as a result of the changes are: HEAT

Hemorrhage (into the plaque, due to rupture of fibrous cap covering)
Emboli formation
Aneurysm (due to weakening of arterial wall)
Thrombosis

Adverse Effects of Aspirin

ASPIRIN

Asthma
Salicylism
Peptic ulcer/ Premature close of PDA
Intestinal blood loss
Reye's Syndrome
Idiosyncracy
Noise ( Tinnitus)

Bronchiectasis: Causes

A SICK AIRWAY

Airway lesion (chronic obstruction)
Sequestration
Infection, Inflammation
Cystic fibrosis
Kartagener's syndrome
Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
Immunodeficiencies (myeloma, lymphoma, hypogammaglobinemia)
Reflux inhalation injury
Williams Campbell Syndrome
Aspiration
Young's Syndrome

Alzheimer's disease: Features

RONALD (In memory of Ronald Readen, former US president. who was victim of AD)

Reduction of acetylcholine
Old Age
Navigational difficulties, Neurofibrillary tangles
Atrophy of cerebral cortex
Language impairment
Dementia

Foramen Ovale, Rotundum, Spinosum

Structures passing through Foramen Ovale: MALE

Mandibular nerve
Accessory meningeal artery
Lesser petrosal nerve
Emissary veins

Foramen Rotundum is MAXimally rounded

• Foramen Rotundum is round or circular in adults
• Maxillary nerve is the structure that passes through it

Foramen Spinosum is located adjacent to the spine of sphenoid.

Beta- blockers A/E and C/I

ADVERSE EFFECTS OF BETA BLOCKERS:

BBC Rocks - All Loving Viewers

B- Bradycardia

B- Bronchoconstriction

C- Claudication (Lameness)

R- Rebound hypertension

A- Angina esp. Variant

L- Lipid Profile altered, Libido loss

V- Vivid dreams/ Nightmares

CONTRAINDICATIONS OF BETA BLOCKERS: ABCDE

A- Ashmatics
B- Bradycardia, Block (complete/partial heart block)
C- COPD
D- Diabetes
E- Electrolyte disturbances (hyperkalemia)

Adverse Effects of Phenytoin

Adverse Effects of Phenytoin

P:  P-450 interactions

H: Hirsutism, Hypersensitivity, Hyperglycaemia

E: Enlarged gums

N: Nystagmus

Y: Yellow-browning of skin

T: Teratogenicity

O: Osteomalacia

I:  Interference with folic acid absorption (hence anemia)

N: Neuropathies: vertigo, ataxia, headache

Cephalosporins

Having trouble remembering cephalosporins according to generation? Here's a small tip to remember some of them (helpful specially for the objectives)

4th generation- think of 4th 'P'lace. All of them have a 'P' in them AFTER the first syllable.

                    CefPime

                    CefPirome

3rd generation- think of 3 for 'T'hird. Almost all of them have a  'T' in them AFTER the first syllable.

                    CefTriaxone

                    CefTazidime

                    CefTibuten

                    CefTizoxime

                    CefoTaxime

2nd generation- think of a Fox having Furry Face i.e. ceFOXitin, ceFURoxime ceFAClor

1st generation is thought of, when you come first in a game. That means you are 'IN Luck'. All of them end in 'IN' and have a 'L' in them.

                    Cephalothin

                    Cefazolin

                    Cefhalexin

                    Cephradine

Adverse Effects of Cephalosporins

"DDT HAPeNS"

D- Diarrhoea

D- Disulfiram like reaction

T- Thrombophlebitis

H- Hypoprothrombinemia

A- Allergy(hypersensitivity)

P- Pain(severe)

N- Nephrotoxicity

S- Super infections with fungi

P.S. I would like to thank the genius mind who made this mnemonic. 

Urease Positive Microorganisms

PUNCH

Proteus
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Nocardia
Cryptococcus
Helicobacter pylori

Placenta-crossing organisms and Drugs C/I during breastfeeding

PLACENTA-CROSSING ORGANISMS- STARCH
Syphilis
Toxoplasmosis
AIDS (HIV)
Rubella
CMV
Herpes/ Hepatitis

DRUGS CONTRAINDICATED DURING BREASTFEEDING-  BREAST

B= Bromocriptine/ Benzodiazepines

R= Radioactive isotopes/ Rizatriptan

E= Ergotamine/ Ethosuximide

A= Amiodarone/ Amphetamine

S= Sex steroids/ Stimulant laxatives

T= Tetracycline/ Tretinoin

Catalase Positive Microorganisms

SPACE

Staphylococci
Pseudomonas aeroginosa
Aspergillus fumigatus
Candida
Enterobacteriaceae

CATaLaSE
Cornybacterium
Aspergillus
Tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tubeculosis)
Legionella pneumoniae
Staphylococcus
Enterobacteriaceae

NOTE: None of the anaerobes are catalase positive. Worth to remember obligate anaerobes are ABC

Actinomyces
Bacteroides
Clostridium